A Complete Urine Examination (Urine R/E) is a simple test of your urine that can pick up many health problems at an early stage. It helps detect urinary tract infections, kidney stones, diabetes, and liver and kidney diseases, even before strong symptoms appear. Doctors also routinely advise it before surgery and during pregnancy. Your doctor may order this test if you have burning while passing urine, frequent urination, lower abdominal or back pain, blood in urine or cloudy, foulsmelling urine.